Διαδικτυακή Πύλη Συνεργασίας Για Τα Δάση

Ecosystems, and the biodiversity and services they support, are intrinsically dependent on climate. During the twentieth century, climate change has had documented impacts on ecological systems, and impacts are expected to increase as climate change continues and perhaps even accelerates. This technical input to the National Climate Assessment synthesizes our scientific understanding of the way climate change is affecting biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and what strategies might be employed to decrease current and future risks. Building on past assessments of how climate change and other stressors are affecting ecosystems in the United States and around the world, we approach the subject from several different perspectives. First, we review the observed and projected impacts on biodiversity, with a focus on genes, species, and assemblages of species. Next, we examine how climate change is affecting ecosystem structural elements—such as biomass, architecture, and heterogeneity—and functions—specifically, as related to the fluxes of energy and matter. People experience climate change impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems as changes in ecosystem services; people depend on ecosystems for resources that are harvested, their role in regulating the movement of materials and disturbances, and their recreational, cultural, and aesthetic value. Thus, we review newly emerging research to determine how human activities and a changing climate are likely to alter the delivery of these ecosystem services.

This Declaration proclaims and elaborates ethical principles of decision-making, policy formulation, and other actions related to climate change. This  Declaration  recommends  States  to  consider  these  ethical  principles  in  all decisions  and  actions  related  to  climate  change  that  are  taken  internationally, regionally, nationally, sub-nationally and locally, as appropriate. This Declaration also calls upon individuals, groups, local and territorial authorities, scientific  and  other  communities,  including  indigenous  communities,  as  well as  international  organizations,  the  United  Nations  system,  institutions  and corporations, public and private at all levels and in all sectors to consider these ethical principles, as appropriate, in the decisions and actions that they take in response to climate change.

In order to realise Agenda 2030, or the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, and the Paris Climate Agreement, the business-as-usual model––the policies, production and consumption habits we have been following thus far––will not work. Instead, it is necessary to change the existing economic model and how we advance societal well-being. Here, we argue that a forest-based bioeconomy will be a necessary, albeit insufficient, part of this transformation. The European forest-based sector has significant potential to help in mitigating climate change. However, there is no single way to do this. The means to accomplish this are diverse, and these measures also need to be tailored to regional settings. Moreover, the climate mitigation measures should be advanced in synergy with the other societal goals, such as economic and social sustainability. Climate mitigation in the forest- based sector requires a holistic perspective.